What Research Tells Us: Relevant Studies
Making Quality Measures Manageable
Comparing Results
Talking About Statistics
Saying It Clearly
Bates E, McNew S, MacWhinney B, Devescovi A, Smith S. Functional Constraints on Sentence Processing: A Cross-Linguistic Study. Cognition 1982; 11:245-299.
Bromage B and Mayer R. Quantitative and Qualitative Effects of Repetition on Learning from Technical Texts. Journal of Educational Psychology 1986; 78:271-278.
Carpenter PA and Just MA. Integrative Processes in Comprehension, In D. LaBerge and SJ Samuels (eds.), Basic Processes in Reading, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1977.
Frazier L and Rayner K. Making and Correcting Errors During Sentence Comprehension: Eye Movements in the Analysis of Structurally Ambiguous Sentences. Cognitive Psychology 1982; 14: 178-210.
Isakson, Richard L. Cognitive Processing in Sentence Comprehension. Journal of Educational Research 1979, 72: 3.
Kintsch, W. and Yarbrough JS. Role of Rhetorical Structure in Text Comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology 1982; 74: 828-834.
Kintsch, W and van Dijk TA. Toward a Model of Text Comprehension and Production. Psychological Review 1978; 85: 363-394.
Meyer BJF. The Organization of Prose and Its Effect on Memory. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1975
Meyer BJF. What is Remembered from Prose: A Function of Passage Structure, In Roy O. Freedle (ed.), Discourse Production and Comprehension. Ablex Publishing Corporation; 1977.
Meyer BJF. Basic Research on Prose Comprehension: A Critical Review. In DF Fisher and CW Peters (eds.), Comprehension and the Competent Reader: Inter-specialty Perspectives. New York: Praeger; 1981.
Meyer BJF. The Structure of Prose: Effects on Learning and Memory and Implications for Educational Practice. In. R.
Andersdon, R. Spiro, and W. Montague (Eds.), Schooling and the
Acquisition of Knowledge. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1977.
Lots of data doesn’t translate into
better decisions.
Hibbard J, Jewett J, Engelmann S, and Tusler M. Can Medicare
Benificiaries Make Informed Choices? Health Affairs 1998
Nov-Dec; 17 (6): 181-193.
Hibbard J, Slovic P, Jewett J. Informing Consumer Decisions
in Health Care: Implications from Decision Making Research.
Milbank Quarterly 1997, 75,(3): 395-414.
Hibbard J. Quality Reports that Support Informed Consumer
Decisions. University of Oregon. 1999 (pre-published).
Hibbard J. Use of Outcome Data by Purchasers and Consumers:
New Strategies and New Dilemmas. Intl J Qual Health Care, 1998, December, 10 (6): 503-508.
Hibbard J, Jewett J. Will Quality Report Cards Help
Consumers. Health Affairs 1997 May/June 16 (3): 218-228.
Slovic P. Toward Understanding an Improving Decisions.
In: W.C. Howell and E.A. Fleishman (eds.), Human Performance and
Productivity. Vol 2: Information Processing and Decision Making.
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1982.
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People prefer information they can
easily evaluate.
See also Hibbard references above.
Cleveland W and McGill R. Graphical Perception: Theory,
Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Graphical
Methods. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1984;
79 (387).
Cleveland W. A Model for Studying Display Methods of
Statistical Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical
Statistics 1993; 2, (4): 323-343.
Cleveland W. The Elements of Graphing Data. Monterey, CA:
Wadsworth Advanced Books and Software; 1985.
Harris RL. Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference. Atlanta Georgia: Management Graphics; 1986.
Hayes JR, Schriver KA, Spilka R, and Blaustein A. If it’s
clear to me it must be clear to them. 1986, paper presented at
the Conference on College Composition and Communication, New Orleans,
LA.
Redish J. Understanding Readers. in Techniques for
Technical Communicators. Carol M. Barnum and Saul Carliner,
eds. New York: Maxmillan Publishing Company; 1993: 14-41.
Tufte, Edward R. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information.
Cheshire, Connecticut: Graphics Press; 1983.
Wainer, Howard. Visual Revelations. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1997.
Wilkinson, Leland. Comment on A Model for Studying Display
Methods of Statistical Graphics, Journal of Computational and
Graphical Statistics 1993; 2, (4): 355-360.
Wright, P. A User-Oriented Approach to the Design of Tables
and Flowchart. The Technology of Text: Principles for
Structuring, Designing and Displaying Text. Englewood Cliffs,
NJ: Educational Technology Publications; 1982.
Wright, P. Writing Technical Information. Review of
Research in Education. EZ Rothhkopf (ed.). 1987; 14: 327-385.
Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
Hierarchies help people
understand and
remember information
Kintsch, W and van Dijk TA. Toward a Model of Text
Comprehension and Production. Psychological Review 1978:
85: 363-394.
Meyer BJF. The Organization of Prose and Its Effect on Memory,
Amsterdam: North Holland: 1975.
Meyer BJF. What is Remembered from Prose: A Function of
Passage Structure, In Roy O. Freedle (ed.), Discourse Production
and Comprehension. Ablex Publishing Corporation; 1977.
Meyer BJF. Basic Research on Prose Comprehension: A Critical
Review. In DF Fisher and CW Peters (eds.), Comprehension and the
Competent Reader: Inter-specialty Perspectives. New York:
Praeger; 1981.
Newell A and Simon H. Human Problem Solving. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1972.
Thornydyke, PW. Knowledge Transfer in Learning from
Texts, Cognitive Psychology and Instruction. Plenum; 1978.
Waller, RHW. Typography and Reading Strategy. In BK
Britton and SM Glynn (eds.), Executive Control Processes in Reading.
Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
Williams, U. Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman; 1981.
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See also Hibbard references and other relevant articles above.
McGee J. Communicating Comparisons on Quality to Consumers:
What Works and Why. In Rick Curtis, Trisha Kurtz, and Larry S.
Stepnick (eds). Creating Consumer Choice in Healthcare: Measuring and
Communicating Health Plan Performance Information. Health
Administration Press. Chicago, IL; 1998.
McGee J., Kanouse D, Sofaer S, Hargraves L, Hoy E, Kleimann S.
Making Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers: How Reporting
Needs Guided Survey Design in CAHPS®. Medical Care, 1998 March; 37(3)
Supplement: MS32-MS40.
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Talking About Statistics
Blendon RJ, Benson JM, Brodie M, Wainess F. America in
Denial. The Brookings Review. 1998.
Blendon RJ, Altman DE, Benson J, Brodie M, James M. Public
Opinion in Health Care… The Journal of American Medical
Association 1995.
Blendon RJ, Scheck AC, Donelan K, Hill CA, Smith M. Public
Opinion and Health Care… The Journal of American Medical
Association 1995
Blendon RJ, Kohut A, Benson JM, Donelan K, Bowman C. Public
Opinion and Health Care… The Journal of American
Medical Association 1994.
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Articles by Hochhauser, M.
HMO Report Cards: Communication Strategies vs. Consumer
Abilities. Managed Care Quarterly 1999; 7 (3): 75-82.
Informed Consent and Patient’s Rights Documents: A Right, A
Rite, or a Re-write? Ethics and Behavior 1999; 9 (1): 1-20.
Can Consumers Understand Managed Care Report Cards?
Managed Care Interface 1998; 11 (11): 91-95.
Can Your HMO’s Documents Pass the Readability Test?
Managed Care 1997; 6 (9): 60A, 60G-60H.
Making Sure Your Language Doesn’t Mystify Patients.
Medical Practice Communicator, June 1998.
Eight Tips for Writing More Effectively.
Healthplan: 1996; 37 (6): 27; 29-30.
Some Overlooked Aspects of Consent for Readability. IRB:
A Review of Human Subjects Research, 19 (5): 5-9.
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McGlynn E, Adams J, Hicks J, and Klein D.
Developing Heath Plan Performance Reports: Responding to the BBA.
RAND report to Health Care Financing Administration, publication
#DRU-2122-HCFA, page 130, August 1999.
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Articles by Hochhauser, M
Hochhauser, M. Understanding Managed Care (letter). Health Affairs
1997 Sep-Oct; 16 (5): 220.
Why Patients Have Little Patience for Report Cards.
Managed Care, 1998 March.
Designing Readable Report Cards. Managed Healthcare
1998; 8 (5): 15-16, 21-22.
Can Your Employees Understand Their Benefit Plan?
Employee Benefit Digest 1998; 35 (8): 3-4.
Can Consumers Understand Managed Care Report Cards?
Managed Care Interface 1998; 11 (11): 91-95.
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